Justhazaralife

Here i will show the life of  a Hazara nation

Not to be confused with the Hindko-speaking Hazarewal people of the Hazara region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, or with the Khazars.

Hazaras
هزاره

Hazara school children in Bamyan, 2012
Total population
c. 7–8 million[1]
Regions with significant populations
Afghanistan	~2,300,000 to ~3,000,000 (7–9%)[2]
Pakistan	900,000. Some ~40,000 Afghan citizens of Hazara descent in Pakistan (2005)[3][4]
Iran	500,000[5]
Europe	130,000[6]
Australia	18,000 (2014)[7]
Canada	4,300[8]
Indonesia	3,800[9]
Languages
Dari (Hazaragi) (eastern varieties of Persian)
Religion
Shia Islam (Twelver and Ismaili), with Sunni minorities (see Aimaq Hazara)[10]
Related ethnic groups
Aimaq people

The Hazaras (Persian: هزاره‎, Hazaragi: آزره‎) are an ethnic group native to the region of Hazarajat in central Afghanistan, speaking the Hazaragi variant of Dari,^[11][12][13] itself an eastern variety of Persian and one of the two official languages of Afghanistan.
They are overwhelmingly Twelver Shia Muslims and make up the third largest ethnic group in Afghanistan.^{[14][15][16][17]} They also make up a significant minority group in the neighboring Pakistan, with a population of over 650,000–900,000,^[18][4] largely living in the region of Quetta.

Contents.

• 1 Etymology
• 2 Origin
• 3 History
  • 3.1 19th century
    • 3.1.1 1888–1893 Uprisings
  • 3.2 20th century
  • 3.3 21st century
  • 3.4 Genetics
• 4 Geographic distribution
  • 4.1 Diaspora
    • 4.1.1 Hazara in Pakistan
    • 4.1.2 Hazara in Iran
• 5 Culture
  • 5.1 Food and cuisine
• 6 Language
• 7 Religion
• 8 Hazara tribes
• 9 Sports
• 10 Notable people
• 11 Gallery
• 12 See also
• 13 Notes and references
• 14 Further reading
• 15 External links

Etymology

Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire in the early 16th century, records the name Hazara in his autobiography. He referred to the populace of a region called Hazaristan, located west of the Kabulistan region, north of Ghazna, and southwest of Ghor.^[19]
The conventional theory is that the name Hazara derives from the Persian word for "thousand" (هزار hezār). It may be the translation of the Mongol word ming (or minggan), a military unit of 1,000 soldiers at the time of Genghis Khan.^[20][21][22] With time, the term Hazar could have been substituted for the Mongol word and now stands for the group of people.^[23] ts

Origin

A 1430 Persian miniature depicting Ghazan and his brother Öljaitü.

The origins of the Hazara have not been fully reconstructed. Significant inner Asian descent—in historical context, Turkic and Mongol—is impossible to rule out because the Hazara's physical attributes,^[24] facial bone structures and parts of their culture and language resemble those of Mongolians and Central Asian Turks. Thus, it is widely and popularly^[25] believed that Hazara have Mongolian ancestry. Genetic analysis of the Hazara indicate partial Mongolian ancestry.^[26] Invading Mongols and Turco-Mongols mixed with the local Persian-speaking population, forming a distinct group. For example, Nikudari Mongols settled in what is now Afghanistan and mixed with native populations who spoke Dari-Persian. A second wave of mostly Chagatai Mongols came from Central Asia and were followed by other Mongolic groups, associated with the Ilkhanate and the Timurids, all of whom settled in Hazarajat and mixed with the local, mostly Dari-speaking population, forming a distinct group.

History

The Hazara identity in Afghanistan is believed by many to have originated in the aftermath of the 1221 Siege of Bamyan. The first mention of Hazara are made by Babur in the early 16th century and later by the court historians of Shah Abbas of the Safavid dynasty. It is reported that they embraced Shia Islam between the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century, during the Safavid period.^[27][28]
Hazara men along with tribes of other ethnic groups had been recruited and added to the army of Ahmad Shah Durrani in the 18th century.^[29] Some claim that in the mid‑18th century Hazara were forced out of Helmand and the Arghandab District of Kandahar Province.

20th century

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In 1901, Habibullah Khan, Abdur Rahman's successor, granted amnesty to all people who were exiled by his predecessor. However, the division between the Afghan government and the Hazara people was already made too deep under Abdur Rahman. Hazara continued to face severe social, economic and political discrimination through most of the 20th century. In 1933 King Mohammed Nadir Khan was assassinated by Abdul Khaliq Hazara. The Afghan government captured and executed him later, along with several of his innocent family members.^{[citation needed]}
Mistrust of the central government by the Hazaras and local uprisings continued. In particular, in the 1940s, during Zahir Shah's rule, a revolt took place against new taxes that were exclusively imposed on the Hazara. The Kuchi nomads meanwhile not only were exempted from taxes, but also received allowances from the Afghan government.^[27] The angry rebels began capturing and killing government officials. In response, the central government sent a force to subdue the region and later removed the taxes.

Abdul Ali Mazari with his followers in Bamiyan, leader of the Hizbe-Wahdat party during and following the Soviet–Afghan War. He was killed by the Taliban in 1995.

During the Soviet–Afghan War, the Hazarajat region did not see as much heavy fighting as other regions of Afghanistan. However, rival Hazara political factions fought. The division was between the Tanzáim-i nasl-i naw-i Hazara, a party based in Quetta, of Hazara nationalists and secular intellectuals, and the pro-Khomeini Islamist parties backed by the new Islamic Republic of Iran.^[27] By 1979, the Iran-backed Islamist groups liberated Hazarajat from the central Soviet-backed Afghan government and later took entire control of Hazarajat away from the secularists. By 1984, after severe fighting, the secularist groups lost all their power to the Islamists.

The Bamiyan Valley, the site of the Buddhas of Bamiyan.

As the Soviets withdrew in 1989, the Islamist groups felt the need to broaden their political appeal and turned their focus to Hazara ethnic nationalism.^[27] This led to establishment of the Hizb-i-Wahdat, an alliance of all the Hazara resistance groups (except the Harakat-i Islami). In 1992 with the fall of Kabul, the Harakat-i Islami took sides with Burhanuddin Rabbani's government while the Hizb-i-Wahdat took sides with the opposition. The Hizb-i-Wahdat was eventually forced out of Kabul in 1995 when the Taliban movement captured and killed their leader Abdul Ali Mazari. With the Taliban's capture of Kabul in 1996, all the Hazara groups united with the new Northern Alliance against the common new enemy. However, it was too late and despite the fierce resistance Hazarajat fell to the Taliban by 1998. The Taliban had Hazarajat totally isolated from the rest of the world going as far as not allowing the United Nations to deliver food to the provinces of Bamiyan, Ghor, Wardak, and Daykundi.^[31]
Though Hazara played a role in the anti-Soviet movement, other Hazara participated in the new communist government, which actively courted Afghan minorities. Sultan Ali Kishtmand, a Hazara, served as prime minister of Afghanistan from 1981–1990 (with one brief interruption in 1988).^[32] The Ismaili Hazara of Baghlan Province likewise supported the communists, and their pir (religious leader) Jaffar Naderi led a pro-Communist militia in the region.^[33]
During the years that followed, Hazara suffered severe oppression and many ethnic massacres, genocides and pogroms were carried out by the predominantly ethnic Pashtun Taliban and are documented by such groups the Human Rights Watch.^[34] These human rights abuses not only occurred in Hazarajat, but across all districts controlled by the Taliban. Particularly after their capture of Mazar-i-Sharif in 1998, where after a massive killing of some 8,000 civilians, the Taliban openly declared that the Hazara would be targeted.

21st century

Following the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States, British and American forces invaded Afghanistan. Many Hazara have become leaders in today's^[when?] newly emerging Afghanistan.^[35] Hazara have also pursued higher education, enrolled in the army, and many have top government positions.^[36] For example, Mohammad Mohaqiq, a Hazara from the Hizb-i-Wahdat party, ran in the 2004 presidential election in Afghanistan, and Karim Khalili became the Vice President of Afghanistan. A number of ministers and governors are Hazara, including Sima Samar, Habiba Sarabi, Sarwar Danish, Sayed Hussein Anwari, Abdul Haq Shafaq, Sayed Anwar Rahmati, Qurban Ali Oruzgani and many others. The mayor of Nili in Daykundi Province is Azra Jafari, who became the first female mayor in Afghanistan. The National Assembly of Afghanistan (Parliament) is 25% made up of ethnic Hazara, which represents 61 members.^[37]
Although Afghanistan has been historically one of the poorest countries in the world, the Hazarajat region has been kept even more poor from development by past governments. Since ousting the Taliban in late 2001, billions of dollars have poured into Afghanistan for reconstruction and several large-scale reconstruction projects took place in Afghanistan from August 2012. For example, there have been more than 5000 kilometers of road pavement completed across Afghanistan, of which little was done in central Afghanistan Hazarajat. On the other hand, the Band-e Amir in the Bamyan Province became the first national park of Afghanistan. The road from Kabul to Bamyan was also built, along with new police stations, government institutions, hospitals, and schools in the Bamyan Province, Daykundi Province, and the others. The first ski resort of Afghanistan was also established in Bamyan Province.^[38][39]
An indication of discrimination is that Kuchis (Afghan nomads who have historically been migrating from region to region depending on the season) are allowed to use Hazarajat pastures during the summer season. It is believed that allowing the Kuchis to use some of the grazing land in Hazarajat began during the rule of Abdur Rahman Khan.^[40] Living in mountainous Hazarajat, where little farm land exists, Hazara people rely on these pasture lands for their livelihood during the long and harsh winters. In 2007 some Kuchi nomads entered into parts of Hazarajat to graze their livestock, and when the local Hazara resisted, a clash took place and several people on both sides died using assault rifles. Such events continue to occur, even after the central government was forced to intervene, including President Hamid Karzai. In late July 2012, a Hazara police commander in Uruzgan province reportedly rounded up and killed 9 Pashtun civilians in revenge for the death of two local Hazara. The matter is being investigated by the Afghan government.^[40]
The drive by President Hamid Karzai after the Peace Jirga to strike a deal with Taliban leaders caused deep unease in Afghanistan's minority communities, who fought the Taliban the longest and suffered the most during their rule. The leaders of the Tajik, Uzbek and Hazara communities, which together make up around 65% of the country's population, vowed to resist any return of the Taliban to power, referring to the large-scale massacres of Hazara civilians during the Taliban period.^[41]